Professional context of Art Therapy    The Arts Therapies in Sweden has been developing over the last 30 years and there is a steadily growing professional recognition of Art, Music and Dance/Movement Therapists.    Arts therapies educations are given on postgraduate level. There are two music therapy educations, one dance/movement education and one education in expressive arts. Besides this many private institutes give courses, this also includes Psychodrama (the term Drama Therapy is not used in Sweden). To get employment as an Arts Therapist, education at a university level is necessary. Higher education at universities and colleges are free of charge in Sweden. Arts therapists work in a variety of settings: health and medical care, special education, rehabilitation, etc. Research projects within psychiatry, trauma therapy and psychosomatic medicine have reported positive outcomes.    The history of Art Therapy in Sweden starts in the 1960’s when artists, art teachers, occupational therapists, and others who had trained overseas started using art in psychiatric treatment and in special education.    In 1976 the Swedish Association of Art Therapy was founded. During the years 1985 to 1998 the Association offered a three-year part-time training in Art Therapy. The first three-year training at university level (60 ECTS) started 1997 in Umeå. Most trained Art Therapists work in private practice; a few are employed as such, mainly in psychiatric services. Some psychotherapists, occupational therapists, psychologists, nurses, special educators, with additional training in Art Therapy are employed on the basis of their first profession. Art Therapy is used in work with the elderly, with terminally ill, with psychiatric patients, traumatic disorders, eating disorders, with people who have learning difficulties, in education, and in hospitals. Several Art Therapists have an additional University Diploma in Psychotherapy (90 ECTS) together with an authorization to work as a fully qualified psychotherapist. Psychotherapy is considered a medical profession.    Every second year the Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Finnish or Icelandic Art Therapy Associations arrange a Nordic Seminar in Art Therapy. The demand for Art Therapy is growing rapidly in the areas of health care, education, counselling and rehabilitation. Professional context of Dance/Movement Therapy    Dance/Movement Therapy began its development in the beginning of the 1980ies. The Swedish Association for Dance Therapy was founded with one of its main goals to start an education at university level. The goal was reached during 1991 when the development of the education began at the University College of Dance in Stockholm.    The education has cooperation with other universities that have psychology and psychotherapy education. The education integrates dance therapy with the basic psychotherapy education that has a psychodynamic orientation. Research is also stressed and many pilot studies as well as three PhDs are of importance for the development of the field. There are not yet any positions in the field and many dance/movement therapists work in their main profession with the possibility to do dance/movement therapy within their institutions. Most Dance/Movement Therapists work within psychiatry for children and adults, with elderly, with special education, with rehabilitation etc. Many have private practise. There is close cooperation with other Dance/Movement educations in USA as well as in Europe. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF DANCE, STOCKHOLM Postgraduate Dance Therapy Education Entry requirements      The education is on a postgraduate level (currently being developed into an MA) and the requirements are: that the applicant has reached a minimum of 25 years of age BA or equivalent documented dance experience/training from various dance forms and the ability to improvise with dance and movement    The applicants send in their application, enter a movement audition and go through an interview.    Applicants that do not have previous experience of own psychotherapy, must have started their own therapy at the latest at the beginning of the second year. According to the criteria of the basic psychotherapy education in Sweden the students at the Dance/movement therapy education must have a minimum of 50 hours individual psychotherapy or 120 hours in group psychotherapy. Psychotherapy is paid by the student. Course philosophy    Dance/movement therapists suggest that the creative process in dance has a healing effect. Dance is a means of communication and thus necessary for the human being. Dance is also a bridge between psyche and soma.    Dance/Movement therapists use the knowledge of that psyche and soma are one unit and that there is a constant cooperation between the various systems within the organism, between the person and other, and between the individual, the society and the culture.    Central aspects are body experience, dance, creativity and the psychodynamic direction of psychotherapy.    The Dance/movement therapist have a strong knowledge of both dance and psychotherapy gained through dance/movement education. And he/she has through own psychotherapy gained knowledge of The Self in order to become sensitive to others.          The purpose of the education is to: give the student the skills to give dance/movement therapy with a psychodynamic orientation to children and/or adults. By law this work has to be supervised by a licensed psychotherapist with supervisory education. give the student knowledge about scientific methods so that they can perform a small research project.    Most Dance/Movement Therapists work within psychiatry for children and adults, with elderly, with special education, with rehabilitation etc. Many have private practises. Various developmental projects as well as pilot studies are carried out within the Stockholm City Council as well as the local governments.    The education has a tradition of cooperation with several institutions. There has been close contact with the music therapy education at the Royal College of Music in Stockholm, as well as with the psychology education in Stockholm, and with different psychotherapy educations. The education also has a history of international cooperation in connection to the American Dance Therapy Association, ECArTE and the European dance therapy network.    The University Dance College promotes research and various projects have been supported. At the moment there is a large research project concerning children with psychiatric problems.    The University College of Dance also offers further education for professional dance/movement therapists. Together with the Royal College of Music and the music therapists a course in the theory of the Affects was organized. There has also been two educations for psychotherapy supervisors with a specialty in dance/movement therapy. Course content Theory and practical exercises are woven in together. Basic subjects are: The theory and practise of dance/movement therapy General psychology(developmental, cognition, group and organisation psychology) Psychotherapeutic theory and method Psychodynamic psychopathology Interviewing technique Open forum with external psychotherapist Anatomy Ethics Scientific theory and method and a smaller research project, final paper Orientation in other forms of psychotherapy (music, art and group psychotherapy) Continuing evaluations    Besides this students have supervision on their client contact, which includes both direct client contact as well as other clinical duties. Duration of studies    Three year part time study. Lectures and workshops at the school once a week and for the rest self studies focusing on clinical practise and literature studies. Contact address Birgitta Härkönen Seniour Lecturer / Head of Dance Therapy Programme University College of Dance Box 27043 102 51 Stockholm Sweden Phone: 00-46-(0)8-4590548 Mobile: 00-46(0)70-4888713 e-mail: birgitta.harkonen@danshogskolan.se birgittas@ebox.tninet.se UNIVERSITY OF UMEA   Masters Programme in Art Therapy    The Art Therapy programme started in April 1997, as the only AT course at university level in Sweden. From 2005 the course is a Masters Programme in Art Therapy at the Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, a part of the Faculty of Medicine at Umeå University. The course leads to a Masters Degree in Art Therapy. Entry Requirements    General ability for tertiary studies, which means a three year national programme at the Secondary School. Specific course requirements: - Bachelor’s Degree in health and medical care, in social work, or in special education. And a minimum of at least one year full-time study (or its equivalent) at a school of art. - Evidence of a substantial practice and knowledge of art must be demonstrated. - At least three years work experience within the required profession. - At least 30 hours experience of personal art therapy or psychotherapy. In addition, a written submission indicating the motives for applying is required. We can not, for practical reasons conduct interviews, but base our selection on the “self-portraits” in words and pictures sent in by the applicants. We have had 100 applicants for the 18 places in the first three courses. So the students accepted are already qualified and experienced professionals with an additional art training. The average age of the students is 42 years. Duration of Study    The Art Therapy course comprises 40 credits (equivalent to 60 ECTS) and is organised as part-time studies during two years. This means course meetings at the University for two days every month, and two separate residential weeks every summer. Course Content    The students complete five course modules: - The Art in Art Therapy. - The Therapy in Art Therapy. - Approaches to Art Therapy. - Research methodology and thesis. - Supervised client work. The programme includes: - Theoretical studies (lectures, seminars, written assignments) - Ongoing personal art work (artistic skills training, personal expression, visual research) - Experiential Art Therapy (training groups, self-experience in workshops and residence weeks) - Supervised client work. Course Philosophy    The Art Therapy Programme aims to enable graduates to practice art therapy in the context of a therapeutic relationship. It provides a thorough grounding in the theory and practice of Art Therapy – prevention, therapy and rehabilitation – in different settings. The theoretical orientation is eclectic, and a variety of approaches to Art Therapy are critically reviewed and evaluated.    The acquisition of knowledge takes place using a problem solving approach combined with self-studies and small group studies. The amount of time scheduled for teaching, seminars and studies-in-residence comprises 20 credits (30 ECTS), with the remaining 20 credits (30 ECTS) being composed of the student’s literature studies, art work, client work and supervision.    Guidelines for each course module; aims, teaching and learning methods, and assessment procedures are detailed in study guides.    During course meetings at the university and residence weeks new course sections are introduced, lectures are given and students work in studio, training groups and self-experience oriented workshops. Financing Art Therapy Studies    In Sweden all higher education is free of charge. The AT student pays only for art material (a fixed sum) and for board & lodging during residential weeks.The Government via Parliament gives money to each institution based on a “education-task-contract” for a three year period, deciding how many social workers, economists, teachers, etc are going to be educated during that period. The University then distributes money to each faculty in the form of a “student-voucher” - a fixed sum for each student entering (40% of the sum) and completing (60%) their studies. The basic principle is that money is paid for results achieved. The AT programme is financed by 9 “student-vouchers” per year, but because of the modified study tempo we can accept 18 students. Art Therapy and Psychotherapy    Psychotherapist is considered a medical profession in Sweden, and the only way to become a registered Psychotherapist is to take a University Diploma of 60 credits in Psychotherapy on top of a Professional Degree in Health or Social Care. The Swedish Board of National Health is very strict about this and will sue you if you call yourself a Psychotherapist without legal authorisation. Several of the leading Art Therapists have completed their private training with a University Diploma in Psychotherapy, to be allowed to work in private practice. Contact address Birgitta Englund Art Therapy Programme Dpt of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, SWEDEN Tel: +46 90 786 98 98 Fax: +46 90 786 98 99 e-mail: birgitta.englund@occupther.umu.se